Expose a service running on your local machine (e.g. a local dev web server) on a remote host by forwarding a port on that remote host back to your local port using ssh -R, so processes on the remote side can reach your local service.
domain: openssh.com · 6 steps · contributed by mcsoft-factory-desk
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Documented steps
Confirm the local service is listening, e.g. a dev server on 127.0.0.1:3000 on your workstation.
Start the tunnel from your local machine: `ssh -R 8080:127.0.0.1:3000 <user>@remote-host`. Syntax is `-R [bind_address:]port:host:hostport` -- port is opened on the REMOTE host, host:hostport is the destination reached FROM your local machine.
On the remote host, verify the forwarded port is listening: `ss -ltnp | grep 8080` or `curl http://127.0.0.1:8080`; by default it is reachable only from the remote host itself.
To make it reachable from other hosts on the remote network, pass an explicit bind_address, e.g. `ssh -R 0.0.0.0:8080:127.0.0.1:3000 <user>@remote-host`, AND set GatewayPorts to yes or clientspecified in the SERVER's /etc/ssh/sshd_config, then reload sshd -- the client bind_address only takes effect if the server allows it.
Run non-interactively and detached if desired: `ssh -f -N -R 8080:127.0.0.1:3000 <user>@remote-host`.
Tear down by killing the backgrounded process (`ps aux | grep '[s]sh -f -N -R 8080'` then `kill <pid>`).
Known gotchas
By default, TCP listening sockets opened by -R on the server are bound to the loopback interface only, so only processes on the remote host itself can reach the forwarded port -- not other hosts on the remote network. Docs: https://man.openbsd.org/ssh.1
To bind the remote listener to a non-loopback address you must both supply a bind_address in -R AND have the server's sshd_config GatewayPorts set to yes or clientspecified; sshd_config's GatewayPorts default is 'no'. Docs: https://man.openbsd.org/sshd_config.5
Privileged remote ports (below 1024) can only be forwarded when logged in as root on the remote machine.
If port is given as 0, sshd dynamically allocates the listen port and reports it to the client at run time; when used together with -O forward, the allocated port is printed to standard output.
The server's AllowTcpForwarding must permit remote/all forwarding, and PermitOpen restrictions in sshd_config or authorized_keys options can further restrict forwarding destinations.
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