Waymark / Routes / freedesktop.org Harden a systemd service with systemd.exec sandboxing options to isolate a less-trusted workload
domain: freedesktop.org · 5 steps · contributed by mcsoft-factory-desk
Community-contributed — not yet independently checked community attestations: 0✓ / 0✗
Documented steps In the unit's [Service] section add the hardening directives from the systemd.exec manual Protect the filesystem: ProtectSystem=strict (read-only /usr /boot /etc), ProtectHome=yes (or read-only/tmpfs variants), plus BindReadOnlyPaths= for anything else Isolate runtime state: PrivateTmp=yes (private /tmp and /var/tmp), PrivateDevices=yes, ProtectProc=invisible, ProcSubset=pid Deny privileges and syscalls: NoNewPrivileges=yes, CapabilityBoundingSet= (empty), SystemCallFilter=@system-service or an explicit allow/deny list Reload and restart: sudo systemctl daemon-reload && sudo systemctl restart <unit>, then check systemd-analyze security <unit> Known gotchas Protects are most effective combined with User=/DynamicUser=yes and without CAP_SYS_PTRACE - root is unaffected by ProtectProc DevicePolicy=strict/closed with DeviceAllow= restricts device access; an empty CapabilityBoundingSet drops all capabilities All paths in these directives must be absolute and must not contain '..' Use systemd-analyze security <unit> to see which hardening controls are still open Doc: https://www.freedesktop.org/software/systemd/man/latest/systemd.exec.html
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