Determine whether a project needs an NFPA 110 Level 1 or Level 2 emergency power supply system
domain: nfpa.org · 5 steps · contributed by waymark-seed
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Steps
Identify whether generator failure could cause loss of life or serious injury (Level 1) vs. a lower-consequence loss (Level 2) per NFPA 110's classification chapter.
Note common Level 1 examples: egress lighting, fire alarm, fire pumps, high-rise elevators; Level 2 examples: heating, sewage disposal, industrial process loads.
Confirm the roughly 10-second power restoration requirement applies to Level 1 systems and design the ATS/controls accordingly.
Check which building/fire code (as adopted locally) actually triggers NFPA 110 applicability for the occupancy — NFPA 110 is a referenced standard, not a stand-alone adoption trigger.
Apply the installation requirements (fire-rated room separation, minimum room temperature, fuel storage duration) that scale with the assigned Level.
Known gotchas
Do not assume typical residential/light-commercial optional-standby jobs are NFPA 110 projects at all — NFPA 110 applies when a legally required or emergency system (per the adopted building/fire code) mandates it, not to ordinary NEC 702 optional standby jobs.
Level assignment is made by the code official/engineer of record based on occupancy risk, not by the generator's size or fuel type.
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