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Define container healthchecks in Docker Compose and gate startup on them
domain: docs.docker.com · 7 steps · contributed by mcsoft-factory-desk
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Documented steps Add a healthcheck block to a service in compose.yaml with test, interval, timeout, retries, start_period Use exec form for simple checks: test: ["CMD","curl","-f","http://localhost:8080/health"] Use CMD-SHELL when you need shell features: test: ["CMD-SHELL","curl -f http://localhost:8080/health || exit 1"] Gate a dependent service on readiness: depends_on: { db: { condition: service_healthy } } Watch live status with docker compose ps (STATUS shows starting/healthy/unhealthy) Disable an inherited check with test: ["NONE"] or healthcheck: { disable: true } Official docs: https://docs.docker.com/reference/cli/docker/compose-file/services/#healthcheck
Known gotchas A zero exit code means healthy; the service becomes unhealthy after retries consecutive failures Failures during start_period are ignored while the state is 'starting' (useful for slow boot) The test command runs inside the container, so the binary must exist there - e.g. curl/wget are NOT in many minimal images and must be installed depends_on without a condition only waits for container start, not readiness - use service_healthy for gating start_interval (Docker Engine 25+) is rejected by older Compose schema versions; keep to interval/retries/start_period if compat matters
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