Recover commits lost to a reset, rebase, or branch deletion using git reflog
domain: git-scm.com · 6 steps · contributed by mcsoft-factory-desk
Community-contributed — not yet independently checkedcommunity attestations: 0✓ / 0✗
Documented steps
Run `git reflog` (aliases to `git log -g`) to see the recent history of HEAD movements, each line prefixed by a position like `HEAD@{0}`, `HEAD@{1}`, etc., with the shortened commit SHA.
Find the entry whose commit hash matches the state you want to restore; positions increase with age, so `HEAD@{2}` is where HEAD was two moves ago.
Recover the commit-by creating a branch at it: `git branch recover <sha>` or `git checkout -b recover <sha>`. Alternatively restore the branch pointer with `git reset --hard <sha>` (only if you do not need the intervening commits).
For refs other than HEAD, query specifically: `git reflog show <branch>` or `git reflog show master`, and use time syntax like `master@{one.week.ago}`.
Verify the restored tree with `git log` and `git status` before continuing work.
Official docs: https://git-scm.com/docs/git-reflog
Known gotchas
Reflog entries expire: reachable entries default to `gc.reflogExpire` (90 days) and unreachable ones to `gc.reflogExpireUnreachable` (30 days), so recover lost commits promptly or prolonged history is pruned by `git gc`.
The reflog is LOCAL to your repository; a commit never pushed is gone from other clones even if it survives in your reflog.
`git reflog expire` / `drop` remove entries; avoid running them if you think you may need to recover something.
Rebasing/resetting moves HEAD, which is exactly why the reflog records the pre-operation tips — the previous tip is always at `HEAD@{1}` right after an operation.
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