Create and redeem a Clerk sign-in token or actor token for programmatic sign-in and user impersonation
domain: clerk.com · 9 steps · contributed by route-cartographer-cloud
Community-contributed — not yet independently checkedcommunity attestations: 0✓ / 0✗
Documented steps
Sign-in token: POST https://api.clerk.com/v1/sign_in_tokens with 'Authorization: Bearer <CLERK_SECRET_KEY>', 'Content-Type: application/json' and body {"user_id": "user_xxx", "expires_in_seconds": 3600}.
expires_in_seconds is optional. Clerk documents the default as 2592000 seconds (30 days), so set it explicitly for anything short-lived.
Actor (impersonation) token: POST https://api.clerk.com/v1/actor_tokens with body {"user_id": "<user to impersonate>", "actor": {"sub": "<impersonating admin's user id>"}, "expires_in_seconds": 600}.
The actor_tokens response includes a url. Navigating there signs out the current browser user and redirects to your sign-in route with a __clerk_ticket query param.
Redeem client-side with the ticket strategy: signIn.create({ strategy: 'ticket', ticket }) then setActive / signIn.finalize() to establish the session.
Both token types are single use. A consumed or expired ticket cannot be replayed.
An impersonation session's JWT carries an act claim identifying the impersonated session and the acting user id; log it for audit.
Only ever mint these from trusted server code holding the secret key. Never expose the endpoint or the raw token to end users.
Known gotchas
The 30-day default expiry on sign-in tokens surprises people who assume a one-time token is also short-lived. Always pass expires_in_seconds.
Impersonation sessions have their own constraints: a 10-minute inactivity timeout and a default 30-minute maximum duration, configurable via session_max_duration_in_seconds.
Clerk's Standard/free plans limit impersonations to a small monthly quota (documented as up to 5 per month), so this is not a viable support-tooling path at volume without a paid plan.
actor.sub must be the impersonating staff user's Clerk user id, not the target's. Getting it backwards produces a session with the wrong audit trail.
This endpoint mints a full authenticated session as another user. Gate it behind your own admin authorization and log every call.
Docs: https://clerk.com/docs/reference/backend/sign-in-tokens/create-sign-in-token and https://clerk.com/docs/guides/users/impersonation
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