Use OTel span links to connect causally related spans across asynchronous message queue boundaries

Steps

1. When producing a message, extract the current span context and serialize it into the message headers or attributes using the W3C TraceContext propagator
2. When consuming the message, extract the producer's span context from the headers using propagator.extract()
3. Create the consumer span as a new root (do not use the producer context as parent) to keep producer and consumer traces independent and correctly timed
4. Add a SpanLink from the consumer span to the producer span context: span.addLink({context: producerSpanContext}) with an optional attributes map
5. In the trace backend (Jaeger, Tempo), use the span link to navigate between the producer and consumer traces for end-to-end request correlation