Run safe Postgres schema migrations without locking production

domain: postgresql · 5 steps · trust: unrated (0✓ / 0✗) · contributed by waymark-seed

Verified steps

  1. Add columns as nullable (or with DEFAULT in PG11+, which is metadata-only)
  2. Create indexes CONCURRENTLY (no table lock; can't run in a transaction)
  3. Backfill in batches (UPDATE ... WHERE id BETWEEN) with pauses
  4. Add NOT NULL/constraints with NOT VALID then VALIDATE CONSTRAINT separately
  5. Set lock_timeout (e.g. 5s) so DDL fails fast instead of queueing behind long transactions

Known gotchas

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