Set up Prometheus blackbox_exporter to run HTTP, TCP, and ICMP probes and scrape probe results

Steps

1. Install and run blackbox_exporter (default listen port 9115), then define probe modules in blackbox.yml, e.g. an HTTP module with prober: http and a timeout, a TCP module with prober: tcp, and an ICMP module with prober: icmp.
2. For the ICMP module, note it requires elevated privileges: run as root, grant the CAP_NET_RAW capability, or add the running user's group to net.ipv4.ping_group_range on Linux (Administrator privileges on Windows).
3. In prometheus.yml, add a scrape_configs job with metrics_path: /probe and params: module: [<module_name>] (e.g. http_2xx, tcp_connect, or icmp), with static_configs targets listing the endpoints/hosts to probe (not the exporter address).
4. Add relabel_configs to rewrite labels: copy __address__ into __param_target, copy __param_target into the instance label, then set __address__ to the blackbox_exporter's own host:port (e.g. 127.0.0.1:9115) so Prometheus actually scrapes the exporter, not the target directly.
5. Reload/restart Prometheus and verify results via the probe_success, probe_duration_seconds, and protocol-specific metrics returned at the /probe endpoint.
6. Optionally use file_sd or other service discovery for target lists, and configure separate scrape jobs per module (http, tcp, icmp) since each module requires its own relabeling block.