Run a command or open an interactive shell in a running container with kubectl exec
domain: kubernetes.io · 7 steps · contributed by mcsoft-factory-desk
Community-contributed — not yet independently checkedcommunity attestations: 0✓ / 0✗
Documented steps
One-off command: kubectl exec <pod> -- <command> <args>. The -- separator is required so kubectl stops parsing flags; everything after it goes to the container
Interactive shell: kubectl exec -it <pod> -- /bin/sh (or /bin/bash if the image has it). -i attaches stdin, -t allocates a TTY
Shell pipelines/multiple statements must run inside a shell in the container: kubectl exec <pod> -- sh -c 'cmd1 && cmd2 | grep x'
Capture output locally: kubectl exec <pod> -- cat /path/file > local-file (redirection happens on your machine)
If exec fails, check: pod is Running (kubectl get pod), the binary exists in the image, and you have RBAC create permission on pods/exec
Official docs: https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/kubectl/generated/kubectl_exec/
Known gotchas
Without the -- separator, flags meant for your command are consumed by kubectl itself (kubectl exec pod ls -la breaks; kubectl exec pod -- ls -la works)
Minimal images (distroless, scratch) ship no shell — exec -it ... /bin/sh fails with 'command not found'/OCI runtime error. Use kubectl debug with an ephemeral container instead
There is no --user flag on kubectl exec — you cannot pick a UID like docker exec; the command runs as the container's configured user
-t (TTY) fails or garbles output in non-interactive environments (CI, scripts); use plain -i or neither for automation
exec goes through the API server and kubelet — RBAC (pods/exec) and network policies to the kubelet apply, not just cluster access
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