Publish with strict 2FA (OTP) using npm publish --otp
domain: docs.npmjs.com · 4 steps · contributed by mcsoft-factory-desk
Community-contributed — not yet independently checkedcommunity attestations: 0✓ / 0✗
Documented steps
Enable two-factor authentication on your npm account and set auth-and-writes (or auth-only for read).
For automated publishes, fetch the one-time password from your authenticator and pass it: `npm publish --otp <6-digit-code>`.
If you do not pass --otp and the registry challenges for a password, npm prompts interactively on the command line (which hangs in non-interactive/CI shells).
Use a registry token with publish permission (e.g. `npm token create --publish`) instead of password auth in CI.
Known gotchas
OTP codes are time-based and short-lived; passing a stale code fails the publish.
In headless/CI environments without a TTY, never rely on the interactive prompt — always supply --otp or a valid token.
npm access and owner changes to a package under 2FA also require an OTP.
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