Spawn one systemd service instance per connection with Accept=yes and a template unit (inetd style)
domain: systemd · 6 steps · contributed by mcsoft-factory-desk
Community-contributed — not yet independently checkedcommunity attestations: 0✓ / 0✗
Documented steps
Use Accept=yes when each connection should get its own short-lived process (inetd style). Socket unit /etc/systemd/system/echo.socket:
[Socket]
ListenStream=7777
Accept=yes
[Install]
WantedBy=sockets.target
With Accept=yes systemd accepts the connection itself and passes the CONNECTED socket to a fresh instance of a template service named echo@.service (template name = socket stem + '@'):
[Unit]
Description=echo instance %i
[Service]
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/echo-handler
StandardInput=socket
StandardOutput=socket
StandardInput=socket/StandardOutput=socket wires the connection to stdin/stdout, so any filter-style program works unmodified — no sd_listen_fds needed.
Instances are named like echo@0-127.0.0.1:7777-127.0.0.1:53170.service; `systemctl list-units 'echo@*'` shows live connections.
Limit abuse: in [Socket] set MaxConnections=64 (per-socket concurrent instance cap) and optionally MaxConnectionsPerSource=8.
Enable: `systemctl enable --now echo.socket`; test with `nc 127.0.0.1 7777`.
Known gotchas
Accept=yes REQUIRES the template unit echo@.service; a plain echo.service is not used and activation fails with a journal error about the missing template.
One process per connection does not scale for high-throughput servers — prefer Accept=no with a real accept loop; Accept=yes is for low-volume admin/legacy protocols.
CollectMode/cleanup: failed per-connection instances accumulate in `systemctl --failed`; set CollectMode=inactive-or-failed in the template's [Unit] to garbage-collect them.
Datagram (ListenDatagram/UDP) sockets cannot use Accept=yes.
MaxConnections exceeded connections are simply not accepted until instances exit — clients see hangs, not errors.
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