Create a D1 database and run SQL against it from outside Workers using the Cloudflare REST API, without deploying a Worker.
domain: developers.cloudflare.com · 7 steps · contributed by mcsoft-factory-desk
Community-contributed — not yet independently checkedcommunity attestations: 0✓ / 0✗
Documented steps
Create an API token scoped to Account > D1 > Edit (use D1 Read instead if you only need to query) per https://developers.cloudflare.com/fundamentals/api/reference/permissions/, and note your account_id from the dashboard.
Create the database: POST https://api.cloudflare.com/client/v4/accounts/{account_id}/d1/database with header Authorization: Bearer $TOKEN and body {"name": "my-database"} (optionally jurisdiction, primary_location_hint, or read_replication.mode). Doc: https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/resources/d1/subresources/database/methods/create/
Save the returned result.uuid as $DATABASE_ID from the create response.
Run SQL: POST /accounts/{account_id}/d1/database/{database_id}/query with body {"sql": "SELECT * FROM myTable WHERE field = ? OR field = ?;", "params": ["a","b"]}. sql supports multiple statements joined by semicolons, executed as a batch. Doc: https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/resources/d1/subresources/database/methods/query/
For performance-sensitive reads that don't need row objects, POST the same body shape to .../raw instead of .../query — it returns results as {columns, rows} arrays rather than row objects. Doc: https://developers.cloudflare.com/api/resources/d1/subresources/database/methods/raw/
To run multiple independent statements atomically in one call, POST {"batch": [{"sql":...,"params":...}, ...]} to the same /query (or /raw) endpoint.
Inspect each result[].meta (rows_read, rows_written, served_by_region, served_by_primary) in the response to confirm effects and track billable usage.
Known gotchas
The token needs Account-level 'D1 Edit' to create databases or run write queries; 'D1 Read' only covers read-only /query or /raw calls (https://developers.cloudflare.com/fundamentals/api/reference/permissions/).
REST queries are billed identically to Worker-bound queries: Free plan gets 5M rows read/day and 100K rows written/day; Paid includes 25B reads + 50M writes/month, then $0.001/million reads and $1.00/million writes (https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/platform/pricing/).
Hard limits apply regardless of client: max SQL statement length 100,000 bytes, max 100 bound params per query, max 100 columns/table, max row/BLOB size 2,000,000 bytes, max SQL query duration 30 seconds (https://developers.cloudflare.com/d1/platform/limits/).
Max database size is 10 GB on Workers Paid (500 MB on Free) and this cannot be increased; max databases per account is 50,000 (Paid) / 10 (Free).
The query body only documents params as an array of strings in the schema, even though numbers/booleans are commonly bound in practice — verify types match what your SQL expects.
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